Espaniol langua, Fedora Workstation próximamente

Creo que es un soporte muy pobre para los hispanohablantes. En todas mis distribuciones, creo que Fedora Workstation es la más distribuida con soporte para hispanohablantes.  ¡Mi experiencia con Fedora ha sido increíble! y gracias por tu interés

I think it is very poor support for spanish speakers. In all of my Distros I think Fedora Workstation is the most Distro with support for Spanish speaker.  My experience with Fedora has been amazing! and thank you for your interest


https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/


BrayaON, [30.12.19 23:35]
I think it is very poor support for spanish speakers. In all of my Distros I think Fedora Workstation is the most Distro with support for Spanish speakers

BrayaON, [30.12.19 23:36]
for that reason I felt in love with Fedora

BrayaON, [30.12.19 23:36]
You feel like you're in home :)



Fatdog64  PuppyLinux information
https://puppylinux-or-pcbsd.blogspot.com/2019/04/fatdog64-800-release.html

Telegram Group Linux4Scratch (linux from scratch build) or L4S

Version-check.sh  file slightly modified from Linux from Scratch linuxfromscratch.org

#!/bin/bash
# Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
# To see whether your host system has all the appropriate versions,
#  and the ability to compile programs, run the following:
export LC_ALL=C
bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
MYSH=$(readlink -f /bin/sh)
echo "/bin/sh -> $MYSH"
echo $MYSH | grep -q bash || echo "ERROR: /bin/sh does not point to bash"
unset MYSH
echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
bison --version | head -n1
if [ -h /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
echo yacc is `/usr/bin/yacc --version | head -n1`
else
echo "yacc not found"
fi
bzip2 --version 2>&1 < /dev/null | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1,6-
echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
diff --version | head -n1
find --version | head -n1
gawk --version | head -n1
if [ -h /usr/bin/awk ]; then
echo "/usr/bin/awk -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/awk ]; then
echo awk is `/usr/bin/awk --version | head -n1`
else
echo "awk not found"
fi
gcc --version | head -n1
g++ --version | head -n1
ldd --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2- # glibc version
grep --version | head -n1
gzip --version | head -n1
cat /proc/version
m4 --version | head -n1
make --version | head -n1
patch --version | head -n1
echo Perl `perl -V:version`
python3 --version
sed --version | head -n1
tar --version | head -n1
makeinfo --version | head -n1 # texinfo version
xz --version | head -n1
echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c && g++ -o dummy dummy.c
if [ -x dummy ]
then echo "g++ compilation OK";
else echo "g++ compilation failed"; fi
rm -f dummy.c dummy
echo  "Linux kernel version running on your computer system"
uname -a

Use in a terminal window with this line, replacing [mydistro_name_me] manjaro18_Fred like this  "version-check.results_manjaro18_Fred"

bash version-check.sh > version-check.results.[mydistro_name]

version-check.results_Manjaro18_Fred from  Telegram Group Linux4Scratch files

bash, version 5.0.11(1)-release
/bin/sh -> /usr/bin/bash
Binutils: (GNU Binutils 2.32) 1.16
bison (GNU Bison) 3.4
yacc is bison (GNU Bison) 3.4
bzip2,  Version 1.0.8, 13-Jul-2019.
Coreutils:  8.31
diff (GNU diffutils) 3.7
find (GNU findutils) 4.7.0
GNU Awk 5.0.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.1.2)
/usr/bin/awk -> /usr/bin/gawk
gcc (GCC) 9.2.0
g++ (GCC) 9.2.0
(GNU libc) 2.30
grep (GNU grep) 3.3
gzip 1.10
Linux version 4.19.79-1-MANJARO (builduser@lancaster) (gcc version 9.2.0 (GCC)) #1 SMP PREEMPT Fri Oct 11 19:57:09 UTC 2019
m4 (GNU M4) 1.4.18
GNU Make 4.2.1
GNU patch 2.7.6
Perl version='5.30.0';
Python 3.7.4
sed (GNU sed) 4.7
tar (GNU tar) 1.32
texi2any (GNU texinfo) 6.6
xz (XZ Utils) 5.2.4
g++ compilation OK
Linux kernel version running on your computer system
Linux kliktel-pc 4.19.79-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Fri Oct 11 19:57:09 UTC 2019 x86_64 GNU/Linux

What does you results file look like?  When I ran on Peppermint 10, software tool 'Bison' was missing.   I am getting ready to run this from BionicPup8 in a Gnome-Boxes virtual machine

version-check.results_BionicPup8__Fred

https://pastebin.com/F1tgqXMr 
 Good for one year from December , 2019  Fred says



Add the Devx_  file to standard puppylinux.  Use the Menu-->System-->Quick_SFS_load application to install the development tools.
Seem that we are still missing 'yacc' tool (yet another compiler compiler).

version-check.results_BionicPup8__Devx_Fred

https://pastebin.com/H8xiAyzy

Why you should replace Windows 7 with Linux

https://vivaldi.com/blog/replace-windows-7-with-linux/

Your Windows 7 is likely running on an older machine that might struggle with a resource hungry operating system like Windows 10. 
To run Windows 10, you need a 1 GHz processor, 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit RAM, 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-bit OS, and a 800 x 600 resolution display. And that’s just a bare minimum. 
For many machines, the answer will not be Windows 10. 
What you need instead is a lightweight, efficient OS that is – of course – resistant to viruses.

Why replace Windows 7 with Linux ??

Replacing your Windows 7 with Linux is one of your smartest options yet. 

But rest assured that things have moved on in the Linux world. It has become much more accessible to the average user. If like most average users, you use your computer to browse the internet, watch movies and work on some documents, then you will be just fine. Install Linux and enjoy! 

 ZorinOS 15 Lite  is good.  https://zorinos.org

PeppermintOS  is good   https://peppermintos.com

Pop!_OS  is good  https://www.system76.com/pop

Fatdog64  https://www.lightofdawn.org/blog/?viewCat=Fatdog64

 

WIN 7, WIN XP users, you want to test Linux on your PC?

I could not say it any better than ZorinOS 15 Lite edition webpage directions.
Click this

ZorinOS 15 Install directions

https://zorinos.com/help/install-zorin-os/

Download Link here

https://zorinos.com/download/#lite

2 USB Writer Tools

Balena Etcher application

a very nice 70+ Megabyte application, makes writing a USB Flash drive with a .ISO or .IMG file a breeze to perform.   Works for MS Windows, MacOS, Linux

Rufus

A complete MS Windows single .EXE file, 1.5 Megabyte tool to write a .ISO or .IMG file to a usb flash drive

Zorin OS 15 Lite Webpage Articles

https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/11/zorin-os-15-lite-release-features

https://itsfoss.com/zorin-os-lite/  Desktop Tour Video

Distrowatch Zorin OS 15 Lite announcement 

Zorin OS 15 Lite Linux distro can rejuvenate your aging Windows PC

A common complaint I hear from friends and family is their Windows PC is slow and barely usable. They explain that the computer is old and they think they may need a new one. I immediately ask them what they use the PC for, and almost always, they spend most of the time in a web browser. To save them money, I often suggest installing a lightweight Linux-based operating system. Why buy new hardware if you don't need it? A better operating system can often make the computer run fast again.

Today, you can download an excellent such Linux-based operating system. Called "Zorin OS 15 Lite," 

it is not only lightweight, but thanks to the Xfce desktop environment and integrated Flatpak support, it should be quite familiar to those switching from Windows. In fact, the developers are intentionally targeting existing Windows 7 users, as Microsoft's operating system will be unsupported beginning January 2020. Zorin OS 15 Lite, in comparison, is based on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and supported until 2023! It even comes with the very modern Linux kernel 5.0.

YouTube Videos

Zorin OS 15 Lite Review | New Linux User, Old Computer?

Google Search

Google search on Zorin OS 15 Lite

MS Windows Users, Test drive PuppyLinux with just a few clicks

Test drive a Puppylinux from MS Windows computer with minimal cost and time in just a few clicks.

I share this LICK Installer Windows application to install a PuppyLinux with out creating a CD, DVD, or USB Flash Drive.

I normally boot from a PuppyLinux.ISO Bionicpup64 file that was written to a USB Flash drive with Windows GUI programs Etcher.io or Rufus.ie  Then boot up from a USB Flash drive into Puppy Linux.  Here you can just download and run LICK-1.3.3-win32.exe file on MS Windows to Install Puppy Linux on Windows.

Download LICK here.
https://github.com/noryb009/lick/releases/tag/v1.3.3

LICK is a Puppy Linux installer for Windows. It configures Windows and Puppy Linux to create a dual-boot environment in just a few clicks. This makes it perfect if you want to try out Linux without the hassle of installing.

LICK is versatile: it can be run on almost any version of Windows, from Windows 95 to Windows 10, on BIOS or UEFI, with or without secure boot.

LICK is easy to use: It does not require a CD to be burnt or a USB drive to run. Download a Puppy Linux ISO and select it in the program to install it.

LICK is developer-friendly: If you want to bring the power of LICK to your application or distribution, a command line utility and a library are available. LICK is licensed under the MIT license, so feel free to use it however you like.

You can Download LICK and an ISO file of your favourite version of Puppy Linux to get started.
http://puppylinux.com/index.html#download

 

Fatdog64 Puppylinux information:

https://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/web/   Fatdog64 Description
https://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/iso/    Search for file Fatdog64-802.iso to download
https://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/web/latest.html  Latest release notes information

Noryb009 Github information:

GitHub (https://github.com/noryb009/lick/releases/tag/v1.3.3)
noryb009/lick
Install Puppy Linux in a few clicks. Contribute to noryb009/lick development by creating an account on GitHub.

Information copied from Murga-Linux Puppylinux forum
Lick 1.3.3 Puppy Installer
Search puppylinux forum  https://wellminded.net63.net

Comment below on your sucess or your problems.  Thank you for your feed back.

GhostBSD rising, URL links for the Good stuff

https://t.me/GhostBSD  telegram group  where I learn lots of things.
irc.freenode.net  IRC  #GhostBSD chat channel

https://GhostBSD.org  Website location

https://github.com/ghostbsd  Github source code location for GhostBSD

https://download.ghostbsd.org/development/amd64/latest/  .ISO Latest Download Locations

https://wiki.ghostbsd.org/index.php/User:Wb7odyfred  Wiki User

Notes to USB tether Android phone to Laptop GhostBSD computer:
On the Android Phone enable usb tethering  system --> network --> usb tethering  enable soft switch on

On GhostBSD:
kldload if_urndis
sudo dhcpcd -4 ue0   or  ifconfig ue0 up ; dhclient ue0
ifconfig ue0
ping -c 3 he.net

Add the kernel module to /etc/rc.conf in order to load the driver while booting: kld_list+="if_urndis"

GhostBSD forum example of Android USB tethering
BSD USB tethering
31.4 USB Tethering FreeBSD handbook

Manjaro, Gnome Boxes, BionicPup 8.0, Do It Yourself

Jason Evangelho,  Made me do it again!  DIY,  Do it Yourself working Linux software. 

1. Jason's incessant writing of Linux using and Linux Gaming articles at https://www.Forbes.com. 
2. His @KillYourFm twitter feed, 
3. His Telegram group  LinuxForEveryone (LFE or L4E)  https://t.me/linuxforeveryone .   
4. His Linux Distro Challenges. OpenSuse,  Manjaro, Pop!_OS, ElementaryOS
5. His Websites   http://DitchWindows.com  http://linuxforeveryone.fireside.com
6. His Linux For Everyone Podcast Episodes.

1. My blogpost articles at   http://puppylinux-or-pcbsd.blogspot.com
2. My Twitter Feed  http://www.twitter.com/finster_fred   @finster_fred
3. My support of  GhostBSD.org:

•   https://forums.ghostbsd.org  Forums My Forum Posts RTL8188CE PCI Wifi Device
•  https:/t.me/GhostBSD  GhostBSD Telegram Group
•   IRC Chat for GhostBSD  irc.freenode.com

1. Running  Manjaro Linux on a San Disk 240Gbyte SSD 2.5" Sata   http://Manjaro.org in my daily driver laptop, T430 ThinkPad Lenovo.
2. Running  Fedora 29  on a  120GByte PNY SSD 2.5" Sata that was in this T430
3. Running  Linux Mint 19.1 on a SSD Sata drive
4. Test installed ElementaryOS along side Windows 10 and Q4OS Scorpion version 3.7  https://q4os.org along side ZorinOS.org Core (have not integrated/update grub.conf to allow booting into ZorinOS just yet.)

What did Jason make me DIY? 

He wrote a Forbes.com article about Gnome Boxes simplicity to run a Linux Virtual Box to support running other Linux OS under Ubuntu 19.xx from just a downloaded .ISO file.   So I thought, I wanted to test Debian 10 Buster .ISO running on this Manjaro Linux Laptop.  So I could then test the ConvergenceOS scripts https://github.com/wb7odyfred/ConvergenceOS for updating Kernel Software, Graphics Card drivers, and SteamOS itself for  4 Operating systems,  Ubuntu 18.04, Linux Mint 19.1, Debian 9.1 to 9.9 (soon to test with 10 and 10.1), Q4OS Scorpion (debian 9.6).  You are welcome to test this script on your Debian based Linux Distribution.  Just clone the github directory or download a zip file.   There are a couple other files the script uses to setup 2 icons on your desktop so you can switch from Big Picture Interface to desktop Linux.

 
From a terminal command line,  execute this "./build_convergence_zenity.sh" script file.   You can run this shell script file, many times.  It has kept my kernel software, graphics card drivers software, and the SteamOS software updated with newer versions.  It checks for updates, then downloads and installs the updates.

Install Gnome-Boxes on your Linux Distribution:

First Step use Manjaro Arch Software Update manager Octopi to see if there is a gnome-boxes software to click install.   Yes, there is.
Hold it there, son! Don't touch that button box just yet.  Before clicking that box to install Gnome-Boxes.  Either update kernel software from Octopi (with Ctrl-U key, updates) or  open a terminal window and simply type "pacman -Syu"  remember to capitalize the 'S'.    If you prefer pacman,  type "pacman -Sy gnome-boxes"  and you can install this gnome-boxes virtual machine manager from the command line.  Or you can skip back over to your Software Manager Add / Remove Octopi window and left click on the "gnome-boxes" entry select "info" to read.  Left click a second time and move cursor down to the +Install menu item.   Select any additional items that come up to install with gnome-boxes.   Finally (with Ctrl-Y key, answers YES to install choices).   There you go, new software is speeding down the internet super highway to that PC sitting right in front of you. Woo! Hoo!  This Manjaro Linux is Fast, Hot, and Upto date right NOW!!!

Yes, the software installed.  Hit the Super Key (looks like a Window Icon, between the Ctrl-key and the Alt-key) [Jason are those overlay Fedora Symbol Key stickers ready from Dell?] type "Gnome"  or "Boxes" and it should come up on your menu selection as a choice. Hit "Enter" key.  Now run Gnome Boxes, and the world is your oyster shell.   Your dreams of Test driving various Linux Distributions .ISO file that you downloaded to your PC, come alive in a virtual machine box.

Debian 10 Buster downloads:

https://www.linuxtechi.com/debian-10-buster-installation-guide/
HEADER, What to do with these files.

try the experimental automatic mirror selector that will automatically redirect you to a nearby mirror that is known to have the current version.

I live in Oregon, so Corvallis OSUOSL is close to me.
Download AMD64 Bit Torrent Hybrid files from Oregon State University Open Source Lab

Bit Torrent Clients:

Download qBitTorrent for Windows from qbittorrent.org
For Linux look at Transmission Bit Torrent client   https://transmissionbt.com
https://linuxhint.com/transmission-bittorrent-client-linux/




Well one understood bit of knowledge leads to another question?

Would PuppyLinux.com newest version BionicPup 8.0 Run?

1. Well download the BionicPup64_8.0.ISO File from here to ~/Downloads directory.
2. Start up Gnome-Boxes VirtualBox.   
3. Select the .ISO file you just downloaded.
4. Set the RAM Memory to 1 Gigabyte and the Disk size to 12.1 GigaBytes.
5. Hit Continue.    How much simpler would you want this to be?

PuppyLinux BionicPup64 8.0 just works.   Wow I have used PuppyLinux for 11+ years, and really enjoy its speed and compactness.  Works great on older computers.  Allows you to recover broken Windows computer that won't boot.  You can copy of the files from the Windows NTFS or FAT32 formatted disk to an external USB hard disk drive or (external SSD)

NOTE:  Use the Left -Ctrl key + Alt key to grab or  ungrab the mouse cursor.
I clicked the "connect" icon and the internet was connected up for me to use.
My problem was how to move the files from inside puppylinux, that I was looking for Frisbee internet connection shell scripts.   I used pack-it  tool to create a frisbee.tar.gz archive file from /usr/local/frisbee directory.

I tried to setup gmail for me to email this small 22k byte tar.gz file to myself.  But did not get Claws configured correctly.  Ended up posting onto the Puppy Murga Linux forum posts.   https://www.murga-linux.com/puppy
Wb7odyFreds Murga Linux Puppy Forum about Frisbee. 
http://www.murga-linux.com/puppy/viewtopic.php?t=116610&sid=81a5f96bb071f49467be98d77cdb18f0
Why Frisbee,  I want to see this useful internet connection tool move over to be used on GhostBSD.  It could definitely be used on other Linux Distributions.

So, in the end,  I call this a successful day.  Using Manjaro Linux, Gnome-Boxes, BionicPup64 8.0, Telegram Desktop, Ninja Build compiling Clang and LLVM  all on the same laptop, all running at the same time, while learning how to:
Do It Yourself (DIY), instead of waiting for someone else to do the task for you.

Thanks Jason Evangelho.   I will drink a Rolling Rock beer in honor of your publicizing Linux from a place I never would have considered:   Forbes.com Magazine.   Already drank a fair amount of McDonalds coffee today, while using their public internet connection.

ps. I remember the 1983-84 years with PCDOS 1.0 where multitasking, was starting a Epson MX-80 dot matrix printing your files for several minutes and walking over to the coffee pot to freshen your cup of coffee and take a break and stretch and work on a task at your desk and not touch the computer till the print job was finished.  So what an amazing journey from the first computers, having to wait for a print job.  PCDOS 2.0 probably started interrupt driven printing in the background, while you could use the PC on another task.   Today in nearly the year 2020s, 36 years later you can use the computer to run a virtual machine running another OS.  But you still have to make your own coffee.


QEMU is a helpful tool.  Will have to learn more about it.

My new toy and interest:
running Armbian Debian 10 Buster desktop on a
ASUS Tinker Board  Quad Core A17 32 bit ARM cpu running at 1.8Ghz. Wow.
The HDMI TV or Monitor screen really makes these board look sexy at the color definition and 1080 pixels you see on screen.  Wonder if 4K at 30 frame per second would be TOO MUCH fine detail for these old eyes??  Even supports Bluetooth Audio Speaker and most likely HDMI audio for playing those YouTube videos on the TV screen.   You can learn so much watching Car repair and small engine repair videos. Obtain more knowledge to be useful in this world.

My first Project,  Get Electron App  Joplin Notes to run on Armbian Debian Linux  https://joplinapp.org/.  Looking forward to running PuppyLinux Fatdog64 on this ASUS Tinker board.
You can run RasPup Raspbian based PuppyLinux on Raspi Zero Raspi 2, 3,4
Read this puppy Linux Forum Post.   September 2019 based. Wow again.
http://murga-linux.com/puppy/viewtopic.php?t=116841

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Asus_Tinker_Board
https://www.electromaker.io/tutorial/blog/asus-tinker-board-retropie-installation-and-getting-started
https://www.armbian.com/tinkerboard/ 

What will you do with computers in 40 years from 2019, in the year 2059?

Collect information about your Linux problem, to receive HELP

Article by Debdut Chan first published on Medium.com

Are you having problems with the distribution you just installed? Or after an upgrade? Maybe the display server isn’t working or network interface isn’t showing up. There can be hundreds of problems that you might encounter. The question is what should you do when you face such an issue? First, you’ll need to research the problem by yourself. If that doesn’t work, then you should go to your distribution’s forum or there can be some very good Linux support groups at Facebook. But whatever place you choose, stepping in and posting “My WiFi isn’t working, what should I do?” isn’t gonna do any good neither to the people in the group nor to you. You need to give them some basic details, error reports, logs so that they can understand what’s wrong. But how’re you going to achieve that? Don’t worry. I’m here to help you help the group/forum members help you! Don’t get confused, just continue reading -

I’ll be mentioning 5 commands that’ll help you get those reports. But before talking about those I’d like to take a bit of your time and talk about bash pipelines. If you already know what that is, skip this part. Pipeline is a bash feature that lets us forward one command’s output to another commands parameter. let’s use a simple echo example :

$ echo “lsb”

This will print lsb on the display. Now what if we echo a big big sentence, and we’re asked to find whether that line has the word “Linux” in it or not. This is when a pipeline comes in handy. There’s another command named grep, this prints characters that match a certain parameter(pattern) passed to it. The format of grep is

$ grep pattern FILE

A pattern can be any string. We can use grep and pipelines to get a very convenient log extraction. Let’s see an example :

$ echo “This is Least Significant Bits \

You’re reading one of our posts” | grep Significant

What happens when you press enter? The output will have “Significant” highlighted. What happened here is, the output of the echo command, the full string, got forwarded as the second parameter to the grep command. So if we see that above command in stages, this is what’s happening :

stage 1: echo “This is Least Significant Bits \

You’re reading one of our posts”

stage 2: grep Significant “This is Least Significant Bits \

You’re reading one of our posts”

The second stage doesn’t really work that way, because the second param of grep is a file, and here I’ve written a string. So in a pipe command what happens is after the echo command, the output, as it’s not getting printed right then and there, gets into the buffer cache, and grep reads that from the buffer.

Now that we now know how pipelines and grep work, we can talk about those commands that we mentioned earlier.

1: dmesg

According to the manual of the dmesg command,

dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer. The default action is to display all messages from the kernel ring buffer.

So what is kernel ring buffer? A kernel ring buffer is a type of buffer that records operations related to the kernel. Why’s this important? Well, in easy words, the kernel loads the drivers and modules on boot, so through dmesg you’ll be able to look in detail, whether the necessary drivers and modules are loaded or not.

Although there are a lot of options for this command, you won’t need most of them. This command is mostly used with a grep pipe like this :

$ dmesg | grep something

If you know what driver or module you need loaded, you can search for that here. For example, suppose you’re using amdgpu display driver, you can check whether the driver and module are loaded on boot or not, by

$ dmesg | grep amdgpu

You can also use lsmod command to list all the listed modules, and use grep pipe to filter only the modules that concern you or the issue. Use it like this,

$ lsmod | grep amdgpu

Although lsmod tells you if the modules are loaded or not, it doesn’t mention any error or reason why something isn’t loaded. You can also shortlist if there’s any error or warning in the kernel ring buffer by

$ dmesg | grep -i warning

$ dmesg | grep -i error

The “-i” makes the pattern matching case-insensitive. So “Warning” and “warning” will be the same. This way you won’t leave anything out.

2: lspci

Chances are, you’ll cross paths with this command a hundred times in your future (If you stick to Linux). This command lists all the connected pci devices. List-PCI, hence lspci. You can use this command to check your VGA controller, network adapter model, the driver that it’s using, module name, all. Here are a couple of useful options for this command -

$ lspci -k // Lists all the devices with the driver in use and modules.

$ lspci -v // A verbose output. Gives details about each individual devices. Use this if you’re unsure about what to use.

$ lspci -vv // More verbose than the previous.

$ lspci -vvv // No you won’t really need this, this is a more verbose output than the previous.

More on this command later on this article.

3: lshw

List-Hardware — hence lshw. As the name suggests, this command lists all the hardware that your PC has. This command’s very similar to the previous one. Some important options are,

# lshw -html or lshw -xml // Both outputs the device tree as html and xml page respectively.

# lshw -short // Output shows hardware paths.

# lshw -businfo // Shows bus information

# lshw -C or lshw -class // Shows output specific to hardware classes. More on this later.

# lshw -dump filename // Exports the collected information to a file

More on this command later on this article.

4: inxi

This is another handy tool which provides you all the necessary information about your hardware, and much more. Here are some options,

$ inxi -A // Shows audio card information

$ inxi -D // Shows your hard drive details

$ inxi -C // Shows detailed CPU information

$ inxi -F // Shows full inxi output

$ inxi -G // Shows graphics card information

$ inxi -i // Shows ip addresses, interface names etc

There are too many options for this commands. It’s advised to read the manual. To read the man page, open a terminal, type,

$ man commandname

5 : cat /var/log/filename or cp /var/log/filename ~/

In any system, if anything goes wrong, the first thing anyone should be doing is to look for the logs. Most programs generate a log file, where you can see what went wrong. In Linux, all the log files can be found in /var/log/ location, unless said otherwise(Read the package’s documentation for info). So what you can do is first list all the files present in /var/log/ . You can do this by using

$ ls -al /var/log/

After everything is listed, find the name of the package of which’s log you’re trying to find. Let’s say you’re having issues with xorg server. What you can do is use cat command to see the contents of that file,

# cat /var/log/xorg.0.log

or you can copy the file from that directory to your home directory, then either examine it, or provide that file to the forum/group members. You can also use grep to find errors directly,

# cat /var/log/xorg.0.log | grep error > ~/xorg-error

This will see if the “error” pattern matches with anything in the log file or not, if it does, then it’ll cut that portion and forward that to a file named xorg-error in your home directory. You can also remove the xorg-error file part and just grep error, to just examine the error in the terminal.

So now that you know the basic commands let’s just discuss in short, how and when use those commands. I’ll be showing you two example situations.

Case I :

Let’s say you’ve successfully booted your system, and now, the network connection isn’t working. Here’s what you can do to provide the group/forum members some basic information, so that they can smoothly provide you the solution.

First let’s check whether the network interfaces are detected or not. We can check that with the ip command.

$ ip a

This will list all the network interfaces detected by your OS. If your concern is about any ethernet interface, find interface names like “eth0” or “enp2s0”, they normally start with an “e”. And if you’re concerned about you wireless interface, look for something like “wlan0” or “wlp3s0”. They normally start with a “w”.

Now if you can’t find any interface names, you should check whether your device is detecting your network adapters or not, and if it is, then what are the names of those drivers. We can achieve this by either lspci or lshw. It’s your call. I’ll show you both. With lspci :

$ lspci -v

From here, find “Ethernet” or “Wireless” parts.

With lshw, the process is a bit easier,

# lshw -C Network

This command will list all the hardware components that are a part of the Network class.

You can also use inxi,

$ inxi -N

Now if you can’t find any Networking device from these lists or you found one, but there wasn’t any driver or module mentioned, go to the forum or group, post those outputs, and ask for help. But if you got any device name and driver or module name, it’s time to check whether they were loaded in boot or not using dmesg. Let’s say inxi -N gave you r8168 driver for your ethernet controller (You can also use lsmod before dmesg). Use the following command

$ dmesg | grep r8168

Then post that output in the forum or group.

Case II :

Now, let’s you’re experiencing problem with your display. Maybe xorg isn’t starting, or something else. For this, go to a different tty (I’m considering you are unable to log into any GUI for any possible problem). From there, do the same as before. Collect data about your hardware.

lspci :

$ lspci -v or lspc-k // Find either VGA or Display Controller

lshw :

# lshw -C Display

inxi :

$ inxi -G

If you found any driver or module name, grep that from dmesg output,

$ dmesg | grep displaydriver

Now you can also check for errors inside of the xorg log. Do this by,

# cat /var/log/xorg.0.log | grep error

Now whatever those outputs were, post those along with the question, and trust me, it’ll be much easier to help you.

There you go. A very simple guide to follow that’ll help both, you, to learn more about your hardware, and also the members of the forum or group. Let me clarify one more thing before wrapping this up, all that I mentioned here, are not everything. Those in the group might ask you for some more data. Also, each of those commands has much more to them than just those that I mentioned. But these will help you to start. These will help you learn more about your own system’s hardware. Now if you want to know more about each of those commands, consider reading the man pages by “man commandname”.

Anyway, thank you for reading the whole article. If you’ve read all the way down here, trust me I’m very much grateful. If you liked this article, consider sharing. Sharing will help me a lot. It’ll also help other beginners in getting better help from the forums and groups. Have a nice day. Good Bye. See you later.

Here's a link directed to Medium : https://link.medium.com/ba4fNgE80Y

3 methods to Encourage Learning Linux in Middle School

1. ) Kids learn Linux. Kids use that knowledge to help people in the community. Kids use Linux to help our school.

https://sites.google.com/site/startlinuxclub/guide-introduction?authuser=0 …. The Linux Club guide

2. )
Start with a 1 Gigabyte or larger USB Flash drive to install Fatdog64 802 Release software.
http://puppylinux-or-pcbsd.blogspot.com/2019/04/fatdog64-800-release.html
based on this blog post 10 minutes, 2 downloads, 1 usb flash drive
http://puppylinux-or-pcbsd.blogspot.com/2016/08/10-minutes-2-downloads-1-usb-flash_10.html
Two tools useful for MS windows to write a .ISO image file to a USB flash drive:
https://etcher.io and https://rufus.ie Balena Etcher is also available for Linux, MacOS, Windows
Use the frugal install method of booting from the USB flash drive and  keeping the changes and file saved back on to that same USB flash drive.   This method creates a persistant file folder, that holds your changes for use in the next boot.

3. )
Do you live out in the rural area with little to no internet access?  Create your own internet, with a Rachel file server from WorldPossible.org .   Use an existing x86 computer or make from a RaspberryPi ARM computer and a 32 Gigabyte USB flash drive.

4. )  Share your Linux knowledge with others.   Create a blog at  blogger.com.  Create a personal Wiki.


What observations do you have?   How do you create these items?
Write a HowTo blog post.  Pick an idea, write about that idea,  edit in some URL links for more information to read,  Print out your post to a PDF file that you can post for someone to download and read offline.

Fatdog64 810 Release January 20, 2020

Fatdog64 Installation URL Links.   First Release Notes

Main Web page Fatdog64 800 Release
Fatdog64 810/802/801/800 Final Release Forum page
From the Desk of James, Fatdog64 801 Final notes


http://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/web/latest.html  810 Release Notes
Fatdog64-810 Final Release Notes
Fatdog64-810 Final was released on 20 January 2020.
Fatdog64-810 GNU/Linux is the fourth release of Fatdog64 800 series, which is based on LFS 8.2/CLFS 2017.07.
This is a maintenance release. Main reason for the update is Intel ZombieLoad/DMS security flaws requiring kernel update and microcode update, which are included in this update.

Minimum requirements: 64-bit x86-64/AMD64 CPU and 1GB RAM. Most Intel and AMD CPUs produced after 2008 support 64-bit (including many Intel Atoms).

Test drive Fatdog64 801 release online at Distro Test with just your web browser, no download or not installation necessary  Fatdog64 801 release

https://distrotest.net/
Test 200+ different Linux Distributions from your web browser on Windows or MacOS.   See which one you like.

10 minutes, 2 downloads, 1 usb flash drive and you can test a live linux distribution of your choice.  Here, I suggest you try Fatdog64 810 Release

Download  Fatdog64 .ISO files here:
http://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/iso/Fatdog64-810.iso  810 Release version
http://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/iso/Fatdog64-800.iso  800 Release version
http://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/iso  ISO directory to see all files there

or Download  BionicPup 8.0 32 bit or 64 bit here: Puppylinux.com  BionicPup 8.0

Download  a USB writer application  Balena Etcher USB Writer  or Rufus USB Writer for Windows
for linux or GhostBSD  use 'dd' command "dd bs=4M if=Fatdog64-810.iso of=sdX"   where sdX could be sdb or sdc or sdd.   Depends on your system setup


Two tools useful for MS Windows to write a .ISO image file to a USB flash drive:
https://etcher.io and https://rufus.ie Balena Etcher is also available for Linux, MacOS, Windows
Use the frugal install method of booting from the USB flash drive and  keeping the changes and file saved back on to that same USB flash drive.   This method creates a persistant file folder, that holds your changes for use in the next boot.


Murga Linux com Forum posts
Forum Posts for Fatdog64 800 Release

FAQ harddrive install page

UEFI. Partition, Windows 8 install notes

super-grub2-disk website. Look for file supergrub2_x86-64.EFI.

Copy file to the EFI fat32 boot partition among the other UEFI boot files.  Use this supergrub2_x86-64.EFI boot file to help select / manage which partition you wish to boot when grub is borked.  Supergrub2 will search and display all the bootable partition/files and give you the choice to select which one to boot.
https://sourceforge.net/projects/supergrub2/files/2.02s10/super_grub2_disk_2.02s10/super_grub2_disk_standalone_x86_64_efi_2.02s10.EFI/download


I like the Fatdog64 810 release for GParted app to partition a SSD or a hard drive, and I like LibreOffice 6.1.2 app for ability to export PDF files from a document file. Last, the ability
to import pictures from smart phone using MTP media Transport Protocol to my puppylinux usb flash drive.  All very fast execution.  This Fatdog64 810 release is a great tool to carry around on a USB flash drive in your pants pockets for when a friends computer has problems.

3 USB flash drive writer tools to install/burn a .ISO file to a USB flash drive.
http://rufus.ie. Rufus 1.5 megabyte single file application for Windows operating system.
http://etcher.io . Balena Etcher tool supports Windows, MacOS, and Linux for safely writing a single .ISO file to a USB flash drive.  This Etcher tool is 50 - 70 megabytes in Size.

Popsicle USB writer tool GitHub https://github.com/pop-os/popsicle

My Twitter post link to here.
https://twitter.com/finster_fred/status/1116450672545632256?s=20


Rufus or balenaEtcher - Home 2 software apps to turn a USB flash drive into a bootable stick
Fatdog64 810 Release January 20, 2020 My blogpost on a small Linux that runs from a usb flash drive without changing your windows setup or partitioning your hard drive.
Puppy Linux Home BionicPup 8.0 is here.
Puppy Linux Discussion Forum :: Index
Puppy Linux Search of the Puppy Linux Discussion Forum :: Index forum posts.

YouTube Video of Fatdog64 Linux 801 release

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Nvg-JqttWiY

10 minutes, 2 downloads, 1 usb flash drive and you can test a live linux distribution of your choice.

120 GByte HP SSD S600 $20 at Office Max

HP SSD S600 120GB, 240GB available at Office Depot, Office Max, and Staples
2.5" SATA form factor
https://www.officedepot.com/a/products/8517469/HP-S600-25-SATA-III-120GB/?cm_mmc=PLA-_-Google-Mobile-_-Data_Storage_Media-_-8517469&ds_rl=1256068&gclid=Cj0KCQjwg73kBRDVARIsAF-kEH_PCkk9WjbXy-ECTtfrDz2uyeg0_ayC5NQBn1Eueu-jT4Q6Zp5OBxIaAs2_EALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds

PNY SSD CS900 120GB, 240GB  2.5" SATA form factor
https://www.google.com/shopping/product/7714108446963313734?lsf=seller:10048,store:14138474858560335242&prds=oid:2848764633364273692&q=officemax+ssd&hl=en&ei=MSuQXPqpOqvP0PEPhbidoA0&lsft=adlpxid:pla;757375355992;325594113029;m;9032963;pla-757375355992;2801236;pla;local;1405&lsft=gclid:Cj0KCQjwg73kBRDVARIsAF-kEH9NEEdhqeCIxo74trmtpB--5-v_1oo05L42BvSPWxneSIw332jeOe0aAvM5EALw_wcB

Here you go, tryout a 2.5" inch SATA SSD solid state drive in your laptop or desktop to improve Steam Gaming experience.

Fred

I will post about installing LinuxMint 19.1 Tessa to this SSD and then install Steam and update drivers.  Cinnamon, Mate, or Xfce  Desktop Environments your choice.

Http://LinuxMint.com



https://github.com/jonbitzen/ConvergenceOS/issues/1

Here is my fork with updates to jon bitzens ConvergenceOS
https://github.com/wb7odyfred/ConvergenceOS
To use this to help install Steam on Ubuntu 18.04, Linux Mint 19.1, or Debian 9.6:
Open a terminal window, change directory to home, and issue a git command
to download the files of the ConvergenceOS directory

cd ~

git clone https://github.com/wb7odyfred/ConvergenceOS.git

cd ConvergenceOS
./build_convergence_zenity.sh

You may repeat run this bash shell script file ./build_convergence_zenity.sh.  It will update your LinuxMint operating system, create a couple desktop icons, and install Steam application to your user.

My Fedora Reddit Comment on install glibc-i686 32 bit library to fix missing libc.so.6 when starting Steam
https://www.reddit.com/r/Fedora/comments/aoin2k/steam_fedora_29/
 sudo dnf install glibc-i686

I welcome you questions and comments below to create a better Steam Installation experience.